How Develops Bronchial Asthma
What is it?
Asthma is a frequent and pulmonary disease is increasing around the world. This disease is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, which causes them to narrow, causing difficulty breathing.
This narrowing is reversible and can occur as a result of exposure to different triggering factors ("triggers"). This obstruction to air flow can be reversed spontaneously or with medication use.
The airways are tubes that give way to air. They start in the nose, nasopharynx and continue as the larynx (vocal cords), and neck, they become a broad, single tube called the trachea.
In the chest, the trachea is divided into two tubes (bronchial), right and left, causing the air to the respective lungs. Within the lungs, the bronchi and branching will become increasingly smaller, spreading the air.
How to develop?
People with asthma react to others and easily contact with any "trigger" (stimulus).
Among these, the most common are:
- climate change,
- contact with dust,
- mold,
- pollen,
- strong odors,
- animal hair,
- colds or flu,Herre Wholesale Online Nike Free Run 2 Gray RoyalBlue Hvide Sko,
- smoke,
- eating certain foods
- drugs.
The bronchial mucosa,Nike Shox NZ 2.0 SI Sort Hvid Sko, which is the lining of the airways are constantly inflamed because of bronchial hyperreactivity (increased sensitivity of the bronchi).
In attacks of asthma,Nike Air Footscape Woven Black White Shoes, bronchial hyperresponsiveness that further increases and determines the narrowing of the airways. This phenomenon leads to coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.
The mechanisms that cause asthma are complex and vary among the population. Not all persons with allergies or asthma, and has all asthma cases can be explained by the body's allergic response to certain stimuli.
Anyway, about a third of all asthmatics have a family (parents,Nike Zoom Kobe 7 VII Dark Knight Sko, grandparents, siblings or children) with asthma or other allergic disease.
Some asthmatics have as a "trigger" exercise. When exercising, enter a asthma attack coughing, wheezing (wheezing) or shortness of breath.
Some viruses and bacteria that cause respiratory infections may also be implicated in some cases of asthma that begins in adulthood.
Asthma can begin at any stage of life.
In most cases begins in childhood and it may last for a lifetime.
What does it feel?
Characteristically, this disease symptoms appear cyclically, with periods of worsening. Among the main signs and symptoms are:
- cough - which may or may not be accompanied by some sputum (phlegm). In most cases, no sputum, or if you have, it's like "egg white";
- breathlessness
- wheezing (wheezing)
- pain or "tightness" in chest
Symptoms can appear at any time of day, but tend to predominate in the morning or evening. Asthma is the leading cause of chronic cough in children and is among the leading causes of chronic cough in adults.
How does the doctor make the diagnosis?
The diagnosis is made based on signs and symptoms that occur repetitively and are referred by the patient.
On physical examination, the doctor may notice wheezing in the lungs,Nike Zoom Kobe V Shoes Black, especially in exacerbations of the disease. However, not all wheezing is due to asthma, but can also be caused by other diseases. However, in individuals who are out of crisis,Nike Dunk Heels High Farverig Homer Simpson, the physical examination may be completely normal. There are additional tests that can assist the physician. Among these are:
- a chest radiograph,
- blood tests and skin (to see if the patient is allergic)
- spirometry - identifies and quantifies the obstruction to airflow.
The asthma may also have a home device that measures the peak flow of air,Nike Shox NZ 2.0 SI Hvide sorte sko, important to monitor the course of the disease. In asthma exacerbations, peak flow is reduced.
How is it treat?
To treat asthma, a person must have some care for the environment, especially at home and at work. Together, you should use medications and keep regular medical appointments.
Two classes of drugs have been used to treat asthma:
Bronchodilators
Every asthmatic should use a bronchodilator. It is a drug, as its name says, it dilates the bronchial tubes (airways) when asthma is out of breath, wheezing or coughing. There bronchodilators called beta-2 agonists - have a short effect and other effect of prolonged (lasting up to 12h). The effect of short-often used as needed. If the person is well, without symptoms, no need to use them. Have those of prolonged effects tend to be used continuously, every 12 hours, and are indicated for specific cases of asthma. In addition to the beta-2 agonists, other bronchodilators, anticholinergics such as theophyllines and can be used.
Anti-inflammatory
The inhaled corticosteroids are currently the best approach to fighting inflammation,Nike Air Max 2012 Grå Orange Running Shoes, being used in almost all asthmatics. Are not only used by patients with mild intermittent asthma (which have sporadic symptoms). These drugs are used in order to prevent exacerbation of the disease or at least minimizing them and increase the disease-free survival and another between a crisis. Anti-inflammatory drugs should be used continuously (every day), since that fight chronic inflammation of the bronchial mucosa,Rabatt MBT Schuhe, which is the substrate for subsequent events.
There are other treatment options, such as cromolyn sodium (commonly used in small children),Mbt Schuhe Haraka, nedocromil, ketotifen and anti-leukotrienes. The latter is relatively new and can be used in specific cases of asthma or in combination with steroids.
Both bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs may be used in several ways:
- by nebulization
- metered ("spray" or "puffer")
- dry powder inhalers (via Turbohaler Rotahaler, diskhaler or capsules for inhalation) - are different (practical) devices for inhalation,
- tablet
- syrup
Clinicians prefer the use of medications by nebulization or metered dry powder inhalers to be more efficient and cause less side effects.
How is it prevented?
How to prevent , asthma sufferers may use corticosteroids, beta2-agonists and antileukotrienes long, and have a good control environment, avoiding exposure to "triggers" of asthma attacks. There is no way to prevent the existence of the disease, but their exacerbations and daily symptoms.
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